UVa 294 - Divisors

294 - Divisor

 * http://acm.uva.es/p/v2/294.html

Summary
Given a range of numbers between 1 and 1,000,000,000 and the range of the numbers is no greater than 10,000 find the number in the range with the greatest number of divisors as well as the number of divisors it has.

Explanation
The naive solution will not work here unfortunately which involves checking every single number with every single number. Just keep in mind that if you get a prime number that is very close to a billion you will be using sqrt(~1,000,000,000) operations to calculate the number of divisors each time. 1000=2^3 * 5^3 so 1000 has (3+1)*(3+1) factors. 1=1; because 1 is not prime.
 * However there is a formula for this problem that can be used to figure out how many factors there are. (here is an example)

Input
3 1 10 1000 1000 999999900 1000000000

Output
Between 1 and 10, 6 has a maximum of 4 divisors. Between 1000 and 1000, 1000 has a maximum of 16 divisors. Between 999999900 and 1000000000, 999999924 has a maximum of 192 divisors.